Though paper was invented in China sometime in the first century a.d., and was widespread in Europe by the thirteenth century, people made do without anything like the modern paper clip until the end of the nineteenth century. Binding was not a viable solution to keep together a few sheets, such as a short set of records or receipts. A large amount of paper could be bound into a book in order to hold the leaves together. The paper clip evolved to fill a specific need. These manufacturers put out roughly 20 million lb (9 kg) a year of paper clips. Most paper clips in the United States are made domestically by a few firms that specialize in their manufacture. Other distinguishing marks of paper clips are the overall size, the thickness, and quality of the wire, and whether the clip is corrugated or smooth. It has a rectangular shape, with a triangular inner loop. Another type of paper clip sometimes used by archivists and librarians is called the Gothic clip. Any clip of this shape is called a Gem clip, regardless of the manufacturer. The term has come to stand for the iconic shape of the oval-within-oval design. The origin of the term "Gem" is supposed to have originated from a British firm that began exporting them at least as early as 1907. Paper clips come in several forms, but the one most often seen in common use is called the Gem clip. The technology for manufacturing paper clips evolved in the early years of the twentieth century, and has remained virtually unchanged since the 1930s. The paper clip is a nearly ubiquitous device, used worldwide to temporally hold papers together.
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